gs2_main.fpp Source File


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Source Code


Source Code

!> This module provides the external interface to gs2. It contains functions
!> to initialize gs2, functions to run gs2, functions to finalize gs2 and
!> functions to override/tweak gs2 parameters.
!>
!> The main entry point is [[run_gs2]], which takes care of initialising all the
!> subsystems, solving the equations (either the time advance or eigensolver),
!> and then finalising all the subsystems. This looks something like:
!>
!>
!>     ! An object holding the state of the simulationg
!>     type(gs2_program_state_type) :: state
!>     ! Initialisation of subsystems
!>     call initialize_gs2(state)
!>     call initialize_equations(state)
!>     call initialize_diagnostics(state)
!>     ! Solve the equations
!>     if (state%do_eigsolve) then
!>       call run_eigensolver(state)
!>     else
!>       call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep)
!>     end if
!>     ! Clean up
!>     call finalize_diagnostics(state)
!>     call finalize_equations(state)
!>     call finalize_gs2(state)
!>
!> You can manipulate the [[gs2_program_state]] before running gs2.
!>
!> You can also override parameters: typically this is done either before
!> calling initialize_equations, or between two calls to evolve equations;
!> here we manipulate the temperature gradient of the first species:
!>
!>     call prepare_profiles_overrides(state)
!>     state%init%prof_ov%override_tprim(1) = .true.
!>     state%init%prof_ov%tprim(1) = 5.5
!>     call initialize_equations(state)
!>     call initialize_diagnostics(state)
!>     call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
!>     call prepare_profiles_overrides(state)
!>     state%init%prof_ov%tprim(1) = 6.0
!>     call initialize_equations(state)
!>     call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
!>     ...
!>
!> It is very important to note that just because this interface is presented
!> in an object-oriented way, it does not, unfortunately, mean that the entire
!> program state, i.e. data arrays etc, is encapsulated in the gs2_program_state
!> object. In fact most data is stored globally as module public variables.
!> The gs2_program_state object is provided for convenience, as a way of
!> monitoring the execution state of gs2, and because it is hoped that in the
!> future gs2 will, in fact, be thread safe and have proper data encapsulation.
!> A particular consequence of this is that only one instance of the
!> gs2_program_state object should exist on each process, i.e. in a given
!> memory space.
module gs2_main
  use gs2_init, only: init_type, init_level_list
  use optimisation_config, only: optimisation_type
  use constants, only: run_name_size
  use exit_codes, only: exit_code, EXIT_NOT_REQUESTED
  use mp, only: mp_comm_null
  implicit none
  public :: run_gs2
  public :: finish_gs2

  public :: parse_command_line

  public :: gs2_program_state_type

  public :: initialize_gs2
  public :: initialize_equations
  public :: initialize_diagnostics, evolve_equations, run_eigensolver
  public :: finalize_diagnostics, finalize_equations, finalize_gs2
  public :: calculate_outputs
  public :: reset_equations
  public :: write_used_inputs_file

  public :: prepare_miller_geometry_overrides
  public :: prepare_profiles_overrides
  public :: prepare_kt_grids_overrides
  public :: prepare_optimisations_overrides
  public :: prepare_initial_values_overrides
  public :: set_initval_overrides_to_current_vals
  public :: finalize_overrides

  public :: initialize_wall_clock_timer


  !> Holds data pertaining to some of the main algorithm timers.
  type gs2_timers_type
    real :: init(2) = 0.
    real :: advance(2) = 0.
    real :: timestep(2) = 0.
    real :: finish(2) = 0.
    real :: total(2) = 0.
    real :: diagnostics(2)=0.
    real :: eigval(2)=0.
    real :: main_loop(2) = 0.
  end type gs2_timers_type

  !> A type for storing outputs of gs2
  !> for access externally
  type gs2_outputs_type
    !> The gradient of the flux tube volume wrt
    !> the flux label: related to the surface
    !> area of the flux tube
    real :: dvdrho = 0.0
    !> The average gradient of the flux tube
    !> label <|grad rho|>
    real :: grho = 0.0
    !> Particle flux by species
    real, dimension (:), allocatable :: pflux
    !> Heat flux by species
    real, dimension (:), allocatable :: qflux
    !> Turbulent heating by species
    real, dimension (:), allocatable :: heat
    !> Momentum flux
    real :: vflux
  end type gs2_outputs_type

  !> The object which specifies and records the gs2 program state.
  !> Some attributes of the object, like mp_comm_external, are
  !> designed to be directly manipulated by the user, and some are
  !> designed to store program state information and be manipulated
  !> internally, like `init%level`.
  type gs2_program_state_type

     !> A type for keeping track of the current initialization level
     !> of gs2, as well as storing all the overrides. See
     !> gs2_init::init_type for more information.
     type(init_type) :: init

     !> Do not set manually. If fewer than the available number of
     !> processors are being used, this is true for the processors that
     !> are active and false for those that lie idle.
     logical :: included = .true.

     !> Derived type [[gs2_timers_type]] holding some of the
     !> timer data for this run.
     type(gs2_timers_type) :: timers

     !> The exit flag is set to true by any part of the main timestep
     !> loop that wants to cause the loop to exit
     logical :: exit = .false.

     !> Whether the run has converged to a stationary state
     logical :: converged = .false.

     !> Whether to run the eigenvalue solver or not. Set equal to the
     !> input value in intialize_equations. Typically only important
     !> for the standalone gs2 program
     logical :: do_eigsolve = .false.

     !> This parameter is set equal to run_parameters::nstep in
     !> initialize_equations and is the maximum number of timesteps
     !> that can be run without reinitalising the diagnostics.  Do not
     !> modify. We should make this private but it is used in testing
     !> currently so we don't.
     integer :: nstep

     !> Gets set to the final value of istep in evolve equations. Any
     !> future calls to evolve_equations will increment this
     !> further. A call to finalize_diagnostics will set it back to
     !> 0. Note that setting this manually is NOT advised.
     integer :: istep_end = 0

     !> Verbosity at which we print out debug messages
     integer :: verb = 3

     !> Parameters pertaining to cases when gs2 is being used as a
     !> library. external_job_id is not to be confused with the parameter
     !> job in mp, which identifies the subjob if running in list mode
     !> or with nensembles > 1
     integer :: external_job_id = -1

     !> is_external_job should be set to true when GS2 is being used
     !> as a library. Perhaps this could just check external_job_id instead?
     logical :: is_external_job = .false.

     !> Set true if using trinity. This does several things:
     !>  * it forces the calculation of the fluxes
     !>  * it causes the species and theta_grid name lists to use parameters
     !>     provided by trinity
     !> Setting this flag true automatically sets is_external_job to true
     logical :: is_trinity_job = .false.

     !> Used to hold the current trinity timestep if being called via
     !> trinity. Set in [[gs2_gryfx_zonal]].
     integer :: trinity_timestep = -1
     !> Used to hold the current trinity iteration if being called via
     !> trinity. Set in [[gs2_gryfx_zonal]].
     integer :: trinity_iteration = -1

     !> If true, print full timing breakdown.
     logical :: print_full_timers = .true.

     !> If true, print run time or full timing breakdown, depending on
     !> the value of print_full_timers
     logical :: print_times = .true.

     !> MPI communicator. This MUST be set.
     integer :: mp_comm = mp_comm_null

     !> This is set in initialize_gs2 to the number of procs actually used
     integer :: nproc_actual = -1

     !> If true then we end up passing [[gs2_program_state_type:run_name]]
     !> as the base file name. This is only set to .true. in [[init_gs2_gryfx]]
     !> which is not called in GS2 but may be from original trinity etc.
     logical :: run_name_external = .false.
     !> The run name to pass to [[init_file_utils]] if `run_name_external` is
     !> set to true. GS2 then uses this in place of any input file name passed
     !> at the command line.
     character(run_name_size) :: run_name = 'gs'

     !> If true then skip the call to diagnostics calculations in
     !> evolve_equations (main loop and after main loop)
     logical :: skip_diagnostics = .false.
     !> If true then ignore any requests to change the time step in
     !> evolve_equations as a part of the time advance algorithm
     logical :: dont_change_timestep = .false.

     !> Whether this is a list mode run
     logical :: list = .false.
     !> The number of identical runs happening simultaneously (used
     !> for ensemble averaging). Cannot be used in conjunction with
     !> list mode.
     integer :: nensembles = 1

     !> Holds some outputs of interest (e.g. for Trinity)
     type(gs2_outputs_type) :: outputs

     !> If true, calculate and set [[outputs]]
     logical :: set_outputs = .false.

     !> Optimisation configuration
     type(optimisation_type) :: optim

     !> Reason for end of simulation
     type(exit_code) :: exit_reason = EXIT_NOT_REQUESTED
  end type gs2_program_state_type

  private
 
contains

  !> Parse some basic command line arguments. Currently just 'version' and 'help'.
  !>
  !> This should be called before anything else, but especially before initialising MPI.
  subroutine parse_command_line()
    use git_version_mod, only: get_git_version
    use build_config, only : formatted_build_config
    use ingen_mod, only : run_ingen
    integer :: arg_count, arg_n
    integer :: arg_length
    character(len=:), allocatable :: argument
    character(len=*), parameter :: nl = new_line('a')
    character(len=*), parameter :: usage = &
         "gs2 [--version|-v] [--help|-h] [--build-config] [--check-input] [input file]" // nl // nl // &
         "GS2: A fast, flexible physicist's toolkit for gyrokinetics" // nl // &
         "For more help, see the documentation at https://gyrokinetics.gitlab.io/gs2/" // nl // &
         "or create an issue https://bitbucket.org/gyrokinetics/gs2/issues?status=open" // nl // &
         nl // &
         "  -h, --help           Print this message" // nl // &
         "  -v, --version        Print the GS2 version" // nl // &
         "  --build-config       Print the current build configuration" // nl // &
         "  --check-input FILE   Check input FILE for errors"

    arg_count = command_argument_count()

    do arg_n = 0, arg_count
      call get_command_argument(arg_n, length=arg_length)
      if (allocated(argument)) deallocate(argument)
      allocate(character(len=arg_length)::argument)
      call get_command_argument(arg_n, argument)

      if ((argument == "--help") .or. (argument == "-h")) then
        write(*, '(a)') usage
        stop
      else if ((argument == "--version") .or. (argument == "-v")) then
        write(*, '("GS2 version ", a)') get_git_version()
        stop
      else if (argument == "--build-config") then
        write(*, '(a)') formatted_build_config()
        stop
      else if (argument == "--check-input") then
        ! Next argument should be the input file
        if (arg_n == arg_count) then
          error stop "Missing input file for '--check-input'" // nl // usage
        end if

        call get_command_argument(arg_n + 1, length=arg_length)
        deallocate(argument)
        allocate(character(len=arg_length)::argument)
        call get_command_argument(arg_n + 1, argument)

        call run_ingen(input_file=argument)
        stop
      else if (argument == "--") then
        exit
      else if (argument(1:1) == "-") then
        write(*, '(a)') "Error: Unrecognised argument '" // argument // "'. Usage is:" // nl // nl // usage
        stop 2
      end if
    end do
  end subroutine parse_command_line

  !> Starts the global wall clock timer used by check time. This is
  !> useful if you have multiple copies of gs2 running but you don't
  !> want to start them all at the same time, but you want them all to
  !> respect avail_cpu_time
  subroutine initialize_wall_clock_timer
    use job_manage, only: init_checktime
    call init_checktime
  end subroutine initialize_wall_clock_timer

  !> Initialise message passing, open the input file, split the
  !> communicator if running in list mode or if nensembles > 1,
  !> initialize the timers. After calling this function, gs2 reaches
  !> init\%level = basic. If it is desired to provide an external
  !> commuicator or set the input file name externally, these should
  !> be set before calling this function.
  subroutine initialize_gs2(state, header_in, header_out, quiet)
    use file_utils, only: init_file_utils, run_name, run_name_target
    use gs2_init, only: init_gs2_init
    use job_manage, only: time_message, job_fork
    use job_manage, only: init_checktime
    use mp, only: init_mp, broadcast, job, iproc, nproc, proc0
    use mp, only: use_nproc, included, mp_comm, mp_comm_null
    use redistribute, only: using_measure_scatter
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message, set_job_id
    use standard_header, only: standard_header_type
    use optionals, only: get_option_with_default
#ifdef OPENMP
    use omp_lib, only: omp_get_num_threads
#endif
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    !> Header for files with build and run information
    type(standard_header_type), intent(in), optional :: header_in
    !> Get the header set by this function. Useful if `header_in` is _not_ used
    type(standard_header_type), intent(out), optional :: header_out
    !> If true, don't print start-up messages/header
    logical, intent(in), optional :: quiet
    ! Actual value for optional `header` input
    type(standard_header_type) :: local_header
    ! Internal value for optional `quiet` input
    logical :: quiet_value
#ifdef OPENMP
    integer :: nthread
#endif

    if (state%init%level .ge. init_level_list%basic) then
      write  (*,*) "ERROR: Called initialize_gs2 twice &
        & without calling finalize_gs2"
      stop 1
    end if

    call debug_message(4, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 starting initialization')

    call init_mp(state%mp_comm)

    if (present(header_in)) then
      local_header = header_in
    else
      local_header = standard_header_type()
    end if

    if (present(header_out)) header_out = local_header

    quiet_value = get_option_with_default(quiet, .false.)

    call initialize_wall_clock_timer

    ! If optimisations say to use a subset of available processors
    ! create the communicator for this here.
    if (state%init%opt_ov%is_initialised() .and. state%init%opt_ov%override_nproc &
         .and. state%init%opt_ov%nproc /= nproc) then
       state%init%opt_ov%old_comm = mp_comm
       call use_nproc(state%init%opt_ov%nproc)
    else
      state%init%opt_ov%old_comm = mp_comm_null
    end if
    state%included = included
    state%nproc_actual = nproc
    if (.not. state%included) return

    if (state%is_trinity_job) state%is_external_job = .true.
    if (state%is_external_job) then 
      call broadcast(state%external_job_id)
      call set_job_id(state%external_job_id)
    end if

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 initialized mp')

    call reset_timers(state%timers)
    call init_checktime ! <doc> Initialize timer </doc>
    call debug_message(state%verb, &
      'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 called init_checktime')
  
    if (proc0) then
      ! Report number of processors being used
      if (.not. quiet_value) then
         write(*, '(a)') local_header%to_string(comment_character=" ")
         if (state%external_job_id >= 0) then
            write(*, '(a, i0, a)', advance="no") "External job ", state%external_job_id, " "
         end if
         write(*, '(a, i0, a)', advance="no") "Running on ", nproc, " processor"
         ! Pluralise processor
         if (nproc > 1) write(*, '(a)', advance="no") "s"
#ifdef OPENMP
         !$OMP PARALLEL
         nthread = omp_get_num_threads()
         !$OMP END PARALLEL
         write(*, '(A, I0, A)',advance="no") " with ", nthread, " thread"
         ! Pluralise thread
         if (nthread > 1) write(*, '(a)', advance="no") "s"
#endif
         ! Make sure we still get a blank line
         write(*,*) new_line('a')
      end if

      ! Call init_file_utils, ie. initialize the run_name, checking
      !  whether we are doing a Trinity run or a list of runs.
      ! Until the logic of init_file_utils is fixed we set trin_run
      ! when an external file name has been provided... this prevents
      ! it overriding the name from the command line.
      call init_file_utils (state%list, trin_run=state%run_name_external, &
           name=state%run_name, n_ensembles=state%nensembles)
      call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 initialized file_utils')
    end if
    
    call broadcast (state%list)
    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 broadcasted list')

    if (state%list) then
       call job_fork
       call set_job_id(job)
       call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 called job fork')
    else if (state%nensembles > 1) then 
       call job_fork (n_ensembles=state%nensembles)
       call debug_message(state%verb, &
         'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 called job fork (nensembles>1)')
    end if

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

    ! Pass run name to other procs
    if (proc0) run_name_target = trim(run_name)
    call broadcast (run_name_target)
    if (.not. proc0) run_name => run_name_target
    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 run_name = '//run_name)

    !Set using_measure_scatter to indicate we want to use in "gather/scatter" timings
    using_measure_scatter = .false.

    ! Initialize the gs2 initialization system
    call init_gs2_init()

    state%init%level = init_level_list%basic

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_gs2 finished')

  end subroutine initialize_gs2

  !> Initialize all the modules which are used to evolve the
  !> equations. After calling this function, gs2 reaches `init%level = full`.
  subroutine initialize_equations(state)
    use theta_grid, only: surfarea, dvdrhon
    use gs2_time, only: init_tstart
    use gs2_init, only: init
    use init_g, only: tstart
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use mp, only: proc0, broadcast
    use parameter_scan, only: init_parameter_scan
    use run_parameters, only: nstep, do_eigsolve
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    use gs2_reinit, only: init_gs2_reinit
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state

    if (.not. state%included) return
    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_equations starting')
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_equations calling init_parameter_scan')
    call init_parameter_scan

    call time_message(.false., state%timers%init,' Initialization')

    ! This triggers initializing of all the grids, all the physics parameters
    ! and all the modules which solve the equations
    call init(state%init, init_level_list%full)

    ! Set the initial simulation time (must be after init_fields
    ! because initial time may be read from a restart file)
    call init_tstart(tstart)

    ! Here we copy some geometric information required by 
    ! Trinity to state%outputs. We should probably just do this
    ! in calculate_outputs.
    if (state%set_outputs) then
       if (proc0) then
          state%outputs%dvdrho = dvdrhon
          ! Note surfarea isn't defined/set for s-alpha geometry so
          ! the following is not well defined and can cause valgrind and similar
          ! tools to flag this as an error.
          ! Note this isn't actually "grho" as defined by the rest of the
          ! code but rather "grhoavg", i.e. an average value. It may be
          ! appropriate to replace this with something like `mean(grho)`
          state%outputs%grho = surfarea / dvdrhon
       end if
       call broadcast (state%outputs%dvdrho)
       call broadcast (state%outputs%grho)
    end if
    
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%init,' Initialization')

    ! Set defaults. These are typically only important
    ! for the standalone gs2 program
    state%nstep = nstep
    state%do_eigsolve = do_eigsolve

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_equations finished')

    ! Since the number of species may have changed
    ! since the last call to initialize_equations 
    ! we reallocate outputs every time.
    call deallocate_outputs(state)
    call allocate_outputs(state)

    call init_gs2_reinit

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

  end subroutine initialize_equations

  !> Initialize the diagostics modules. This function can only be
  !> called when the init level is 'full', i.e., after calling
  !> initialize_equations.  However, gs2 can be partially
  !> uninitialized without finalizing the diagnostics, for example to
  !> change parameters such as the timestep.
  subroutine initialize_diagnostics(state, header)
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: init_gs2_diagnostics, nwrite, write_fluxes
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: loop_diagnostics
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    use gs2_diagnostics_new, only: init_gs2_diagnostics_new, run_diagnostics
#else
    use mp, only: proc0
#endif
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use mp, only: mp_abort
    use parameter_scan, only: allocate_target_arrays
    use run_parameters, only: nstep, use_old_diagnostics
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    use standard_header, only: standard_header_type
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    !> Header for files with build and run information
    type(standard_header_type), intent(in), optional :: header
    ! Actual value for optional `header` input
    type(standard_header_type) :: local_header

    if (.not. state%included) return

    if (present(header)) then
      local_header = header
    else
      local_header = standard_header_type()
    end if

    state%exit = .false. 

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

    if (state%init%diagnostics_initialized) &
      call mp_abort('Calling initialize_diagnostics twice', .true.)

#ifndef NEW_DIAG
    if (.not. use_old_diagnostics)then
       if(proc0)then
          write(*,'("  WARNING: Compiled without new diagnostics and runnning with use_old_diagnostics=.false. will lead to no output --> Forcing use_old_diagnostics=.true.")')
          write(*,'("           Please consider recompiling with the new diagnostics enabled.")')
          write(*,*)
       endif
       use_old_diagnostics=.true.
    endif
#endif

    if (.not. use_old_diagnostics) then
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
      call debug_message(state%verb, &
        'gs2_main::initialize_diagnostics calling init_gs2_diagnostics_new')

      ! Initialise the new diagnostics. Note we check whether this is
      ! a Trinity run... enforces calculation of the fluxes
      call init_gs2_diagnostics_new(state%is_trinity_job, local_header)

      call debug_message(state%verb, &
        'gs2_main::initialize_diagnostics calling run_diagnostics')
      ! Write initial values
      call run_diagnostics(0, state%exit)
#endif
    else ! if use_old_diagnostics
      call debug_message(state%verb, &
        'gs2_main::initialize_diagnostics calling init_gs2_diagnostics')
      call init_gs2_diagnostics (state%list, nstep, header=local_header)
      call allocate_target_arrays(nwrite, write_fluxes) ! must be after init_gs2_diagnostics
      call loop_diagnostics(0, state%exit)
    end if

    state%init%diagnostics_initialized = .true.

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::initialize_diagnostics finished')
  end subroutine initialize_diagnostics

  !> Run the initial value solver. nstep_run must
  !> be less than or equal to `state%nstep`, which is
  !> set from the input file. The cumulative number of
  !> steps that can be run cannot exceed `state%nstep`,
  !> without a call to reset_equations.
  !> Examples:
  !>
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep) ! Basic run
  !>
  !> Note that these two calls:
  !>
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>
  !> will in general have the identical effect to the single call above.
  !> There are circumstances when this is not true,
  !> for example, if the first of the two calls to evolve_equations
  !> exits without running nstep/2 steps (perhaps because the
  !> growth rate has converged).
  !>
  !> This example will cause an error because the total number
  !> of steps exceeds `state%nstep`:
  !>
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>
  !> This is OK:
  !>
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  !>      call reset_equations(state)
  !>      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep/2)
  subroutine evolve_equations(state, nstep_run, header)
    use collisions, only: vnmult
    use dist_fn_arrays, only: gnew
    use fields, only: advance
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: nsave, loop_diagnostics
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    use gs2_diagnostics_new, only: run_diagnostics, gnostics
#endif
    use gs2_reinit, only: reset_time_step, check_time_step
    use gs2_save, only: gs2_save_for_restart
    use gs2_time, only: user_time, update_time, write_dt, user_dt
    use gs2_time, only: code_dt, code_dt_prev1, code_dt_prev2, code_dt_max
    use job_manage, only: time_message, checkstop, checktime
    use mp, only: proc0, scope, subprocs, broadcast
    use parameter_scan, only: update_scan_parameter_value
    use run_parameters, only: reset, has_phi, has_apar, has_bpar, nstep, max_sim_time
    use run_parameters, only: avail_cpu_time, margin_cpu_time, use_old_diagnostics, ncheck_stop
    use unit_tests, only: ilast_step, debug_message
    use gs2_init, only: init
    use nonlinear_terms, only: gryfx_zonal
    use standard_header, only: standard_header_type
    use exit_codes, only: EXIT_MAX_SIM_TIME
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    type(standard_header_type), optional, intent(in) :: header
    integer :: istep, istatus
    integer, intent(in) :: nstep_run
    logical :: temp_initval_override_store, should_save_restart
    integer :: istep_loop_max, istep_offset
    ! Actual value for optional `header` input
    type(standard_header_type) :: local_header

    if (.not. state%included) return

    if (present(header)) then
      local_header = header
    else
      local_header = standard_header_type()
    end if

    call debug_message(state%verb, &
        'gs2_main::evolve_equations starting')
    
    temp_initval_override_store = state%init%initval_ov%override
    
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
    
    if (state%nensembles > 1) call scope (subprocs)

    if (state%is_trinity_job) call write_trinity_parameters(state)

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%main_loop,' Main Loop')

    ! Make sure exit is false before entering timestep loop
    state%exit = .false.

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::evolve_equations starting loop')

    ! We run for nstep_run iterations, starting from whatever istep we got
    ! to in previous calls to this function. Note that calling
    ! finalize_diagnostics resets state%istep_end
    istep_loop_max = state%istep_end + nstep_run
    do istep = state%istep_end+1, istep_loop_max
       if (istep > nstep) then
         if (proc0) write (*,*) 'Reached maximum number of steps allowed &
              & (set by nstep) without restarting diagnostics.'
         ! Should we set an exit_reason here?
         exit
       end if

       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%advance,' Advance time step')
       call debug_message(state%verb+1, 'gs2_main::evolve_equations calling advance')

       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%timestep,' Timestep')
       ! Try to take a time step
       call advance (istep)
       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%timestep,' Timestep')
       call debug_message(state%verb+1,'gs2_main::evolve_equations called advance')

       if(state%dont_change_timestep) reset = .false.

       !If the advance call has triggered a reset then change the timestep.
       !Currently this is triggered if immediate_reset is true and the nonlinear
       !cfl limit is exceeded.
       if (reset) then
         call prepare_initial_values_overrides(state)
         call debug_message(state%verb+1, 'gs2_main::evolve_equations resetting timestep')
         call set_initval_overrides_to_current_vals(state%init%initval_ov)
         state%init%initval_ov%override = .true.
         if (state%is_external_job) then
           call reset_time_step (state%init, istep, state%exit, state%external_job_id)
         else
           call reset_time_step (state%init, istep, state%exit)
         end if

         ! Now we've reset set the flag back to .false.
         reset = .false.

         ! If we've changed the timestep and have not decided to exit then
         ! we need to call advance to actually complete this timestep.
         if (.not. state%exit) call advance(istep)
       end if

       if (state%exit) exit

       call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
            'gs2_main::evolve_equations calling gs2_save_for_restart')

       should_save_restart = .false.
       if (use_old_diagnostics) then
          should_save_restart = (nsave > 0 .and. mod(istep, nsave) == 0)
       else
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
          should_save_restart = (gnostics%nsave > 0 .and. mod(istep, gnostics%nsave) == 0)
#endif
       end if
       if (should_save_restart) call gs2_save_for_restart (gnew, user_time, vnmult, &
            istatus, has_phi, has_apar, has_bpar, code_dt, code_dt_prev1, &
            code_dt_prev2, code_dt_max, header=local_header)

       call update_time
       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%diagnostics,' Diagnostics')

       call debug_message(state%verb+1, 'gs2_main::evolve_equations calling diagnostics')
       if (.not. state%skip_diagnostics) then 
         if (use_old_diagnostics) then 
           call loop_diagnostics (istep, state%exit)
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
         else 
           call run_diagnostics (istep, state%exit)
#endif
         end if
       end if

       if (state%exit) state%converged = .true.
       if (state%exit) call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
         'gs2_main::evolve_equations exit true after diagnostics')

       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%diagnostics,' Diagnostics')
       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%advance,' Advance time step')

       if (.not. state%exit) then
         call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
              'gs2_main::evolve_equations checking time step')

         !Note this should only trigger a reset for timesteps too small
         !as timesteps too large are already handled when immediate_reset is
         !.true. If immediate_reset is .false. then this is where we handle
         !all checking of the time step.
         call check_time_step(reset,state%exit)
         !call update_scan_parameter_value(istep, reset, state%exit)
         call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
              'gs2_main::evolve_equations checked time step')

         !If something has triggered a reset then reset here
         if (state%dont_change_timestep) reset = .false.
         if (reset) then
            call prepare_initial_values_overrides(state)
            call set_initval_overrides_to_current_vals(state%init%initval_ov)
            state%init%initval_ov%override = .true.
            ! if called within trinity, do not dump info to screen
            if (state%is_external_job) then
               call reset_time_step (state%init, istep, state%exit, state%external_job_id)
            else
               call reset_time_step (state%init, istep, state%exit)
            end if

            ! Switch off the reset flag now, otherwise it can still be active
            ! on the next iteration.
            reset = .false.
         end if

         if ((mod(istep, ncheck_stop) == 0) .and. (.not.state%exit)) &
              call checkstop(state%exit,state%exit_reason)
         if (state%exit) call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
              'gs2_main::evolve_equations exit true after checkstop')
         if (.not.state%exit) call checktime(avail_cpu_time,state%exit,margin_cpu_time)
         if (state%exit) call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
              'gs2_main::evolve_equations exit true after checktime')
       end if
       call debug_message(state%verb+1, &
        'gs2_main::evolve_equations after reset and checks')

       state%istep_end = istep

       ! Check if the next step would exceed the maximum requested simulation time,
       ! and if so flag that we wish to exit. Only check this if we're not already exiting.
       if ((.not. state%exit) .and. user_time + user_dt > max_sim_time) then
          state%exit_reason = EXIT_MAX_SIM_TIME
          state%exit = .true.
       end if

       if (state%exit) then
           call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::evolve_equations exiting loop')
          exit
       end if
    end do

    ! Try to ensure that we write the time dependent diagnostics at the end of the simulation
    ! even in cases where nstep does not have nwrite as a factor.
    if (.not. state%skip_diagnostics) then
       ! Note when we have completed all our iterations we pass istep - 1 as we assume istep has been 
       ! incremented once from the last step actually taken. In cases where we explicitly exit the loop
       ! we need to pass istep instead.
       istep_offset = 1
       if (state%exit) istep_offset = 0
       if (use_old_diagnostics) then
          call loop_diagnostics (istep - istep_offset, state%exit, force = .true.)
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
       else
          call run_diagnostics (istep - istep_offset, state%exit, force = .true.)
#endif
       end if
    end if

    ! NRM: When running inside GryfX, evolve_equations is called every timestep to
    ! advance a single timestep.
    ! So anything that is supposed to happen after GS2 completes the main nstep
    ! loop should not be done while running inside GryfX.
    if(.not. gryfx_zonal%on) then
       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%main_loop,' Main Loop')

       if (proc0 .and. .not. state%is_external_job) call write_dt

       call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

       if (state%print_times) call print_times(state, state%timers)

       ilast_step = state%istep_end

       ! We also restore the value of the override switch to what it
       ! was when this function was called.
       state%init%initval_ov%override = temp_initval_override_store

       call debug_message(state%verb,'gs2_main::evolve_equations finished')
    end if
  end subroutine evolve_equations

  !> Employ the eigenvalue solver to seek eigenmodes using SLEPc
  subroutine run_eigensolver(state)
#ifdef WITH_EIG
    use eigval, only: init_eigval, finish_eigval, BasicSolve
#endif 
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use mp, only: mp_abort
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
#ifdef WITH_EIG
   call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

   !Start timer
   call time_message(.false.,state%timers%eigval,' Eigensolver')

   !Initialise slepc and the default/input eigensolver parameters
   call init_eigval

   !Create a solver based on input paramters, use it to solve and
   !then destroy it.
   call BasicSolve

   !Tidy up
   call finish_eigval

   !Stop timer
   call time_message(.false.,state%timers%eigval,' Eigensolver')
#else
   call mp_abort("Eigensolver requires GS2 to be built with slepc/petsc", .true.)
#endif
   call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

  end subroutine run_eigensolver

  !> Effectively resets the state of the diagnostics and time index
  !> back to the start of the simulation. Primarily useful to allow
  !> one to reuse existing files etc. without having to start a new
  !> process. Mostly used in trinity workflows.
  subroutine reset_equations (state)
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: gd_reset => reset_init
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    use gs2_diagnostics_new, only: reset_averages_and_counters
#endif
    use nonlinear_terms, only: nonlin
    use run_parameters, only: trinity_linear_fluxes, use_old_diagnostics
    use gs2_time, only: code_dt, save_dt
    use mp, only: scope, subprocs, allprocs
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state

    if (.not. state%included) return
    if (state%nensembles > 1) call scope (subprocs)

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::reset_equations starting')

    call save_dt (code_dt)
    ! This call to gs2_diagnostics::reset_init sets some time averages
    ! and counters to zero... used mainly for trinity convergence checks.
    if (use_old_diagnostics) then
      call gd_reset
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    else 
      call reset_averages_and_counters
#endif
    end if

    if (trinity_linear_fluxes .and. .not. nonlin) call reset_linear_magnitude

    state%istep_end = 0

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::reset_equations finished')

    if (state%nensembles > 1) call scope (allprocs)
  end subroutine reset_equations

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine finalize_diagnostics(state)
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: finish_gs2_diagnostics
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    use gs2_diagnostics_new, only: finish_gs2_diagnostics_new 
#endif
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use mp, only: mp_abort
    use parameter_scan, only: deallocate_target_arrays
    use run_parameters, only: use_old_diagnostics
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state

    if (.not. state%included) return

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%finish,' Finished run')

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::finalize_diagnostics starting')

    if (.not. state%init%diagnostics_initialized) &
      call mp_abort('Calling finalize_diagnostics when &
      & diagnostics are not initialized', .true.)

    if (.not. use_old_diagnostics) then
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
      call finish_gs2_diagnostics_new 
#endif
    else
      call finish_gs2_diagnostics (state%istep_end)
    end if

    call deallocate_target_arrays

    state%istep_end = 0
    state%init%diagnostics_initialized = .false.

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%finish,' Finished run')
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
  end subroutine finalize_diagnostics

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine finalize_equations(state)
    use gs2_init, only: init
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use parameter_scan, only: finish_parameter_scan
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    use gs2_reinit, only: finish_gs2_reinit
    !use fields_arrays, only: phi, apar, bpar, phinew, aparnew, bparnew
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state

    if (.not. state%included) return

    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%finish,' Finished run')
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::finalize_equations starting')

    call finish_gs2_reinit

    call deallocate_outputs(state)
    call finish_parameter_scan

    call init(state%init, init_level_list%basic)
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%finish,' Finished run')
    call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
  end subroutine finalize_equations

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine finalize_gs2(state, quiet)
    use file_utils, only: finish_file_utils
    use gs2_init, only: finish_gs2_init
    use job_manage, only: time_message
    use mp, only: finish_mp, proc0, barrier, unsplit_all, included, mp_comm_null
    use unit_tests, only: debug_message
    use standard_header, only: date_iso8601
    use optionals, only: get_option_with_default
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    !> If true, don't print start-up messages/header
    logical, intent(in), optional :: quiet

    ! Internal value for optional `quiet` input
    logical :: quiet_value

    quiet_value = get_option_with_default(quiet, .false.)

    if (state%included) then
      if (state%init%level .ne. init_level_list%basic) then
        write  (*,*) "ERROR: Called finalize_gs2 at the &
          & wrong init_level (perhaps you have called finalize_gs2 &
          & without calling initialize_gs2, or without calling &
          & finalize_equations"
        stop 1
      end if

      call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')

      call finish_gs2_init()

      if (proc0) call finish_file_utils

      call time_message(.false.,state%timers%finish,' Finished run')
      call time_message(.false.,state%timers%total,' Total')
      
      call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::finalize_gs2 calling print_times')

      if (state%print_times .and. .not. quiet_value) call print_times(state, state%timers)

    end if

    if (state%init%opt_ov%is_initialised() .and. state%init%opt_ov%override_nproc &
         .and. state%init%opt_ov%old_comm /= mp_comm_null) &
      call unsplit_all(state%init%opt_ov%old_comm)
    call barrier
    state%included = included

    call debug_message(state%verb, 'gs2_main::finalize_gs2 calling finish_mp')

    state%init%level = 0

    if (proc0 .and. (.not. quiet_value) ) write(*, '("Run finished at ",A)') date_iso8601()
  end subroutine finalize_gs2

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine prepare_optimisations_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: init_optimisations_overrides
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
    ! Initialize to the level below so that overrides are triggered
    call init_optimisations_overrides(state%init%opt_ov)
  end subroutine prepare_optimisations_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine prepare_miller_geometry_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: init_miller_geometry_overrides
    use gs2_init, only: init, init_level_list
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
    ! Initialize to the level below so that overrides are triggered
    call init(state%init, init_level_list%override_miller_geometry-1)
    call init_miller_geometry_overrides(state%init%mgeo_ov)
  end subroutine prepare_miller_geometry_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine prepare_profiles_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: init_profiles_overrides
    use gs2_init, only: init, init_level_list
    use species, only: nspec
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
    ! Initialize to the level below so that overrides are triggered
    call init(state%init, init_level_list%override_profiles-1)
    call init_profiles_overrides(state%init%prof_ov, nspec)
  end subroutine prepare_profiles_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine prepare_kt_grids_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: init_kt_grids_overrides
    use gs2_init, only: init, init_level_list
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
    ! Initialize to the level below so that overrides are triggered
    call init(state%init, init_level_list%override_kt_grids-1)
    call init_kt_grids_overrides(state%init%kt_ov)
  end subroutine prepare_kt_grids_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine prepare_initial_values_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: init_initial_values_overrides
    use fields, only: force_maxwell_reinit
    use gs2_init, only: init, init_level_list
    use gs2_reinit, only: in_memory
    use gs2_layouts, only: g_lo
    use kt_grids, only: naky, ntheta0
    use theta_grid, only: ntgrid
    use dist_fn_arrays, only: gexp_3
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. state%included) return
    ! Initialize to the level below so that overrides are triggered
    call init(state%init, init_level_list%override_initial_values-1)
    call init_initial_values_overrides(state%init%initval_ov,&
      ntgrid, ntheta0, naky, g_lo%llim_proc, g_lo%ulim_alloc, &
      force_maxwell_reinit=force_maxwell_reinit, &
      in_memory=in_memory, has_explicit_terms = allocated(gexp_3))
  end subroutine prepare_initial_values_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine set_initval_overrides_to_current_vals(initval_ov)
    use dist_fn_arrays, only: gnew, gexp_1, gexp_2, gexp_3
    use gs2_save, only: gs2_save_for_restart
    use mp, only: proc0, broadcast, mp_abort
    use collisions, only: vnmult
    use file_utils, only: error_unit
    use run_parameters, only: has_phi, has_apar, has_bpar
    use fields, only:  force_maxwell_reinit
    use fields_arrays, only: phinew, aparnew, bparnew
    use gs2_time, only: user_time, code_dt, code_dt_prev1, code_dt_prev2, code_dt_max
    use overrides, only: initial_values_overrides_type
    use antenna, only: dump_ant_amp
    use array_utils, only: copy
    implicit none
    type(initial_values_overrides_type), intent(inout) :: initval_ov
    integer :: istatus

    if (.not.initval_ov%is_initialised()) &
      call mp_abort("Trying to set initial value overrides &
      & before they are initialized... have you called &
      & prepare_initial_values_overrides ? ", .true.)

    if(initval_ov%in_memory)then
      call copy(gnew, initval_ov%g)
      initval_ov%vnmult = vnmult
      if (allocated(initval_ov%gexp_1)) call copy(gexp_1, initval_ov%gexp_1)
      if (allocated(initval_ov%gexp_2)) call copy(gexp_2, initval_ov%gexp_2)
      if (allocated(initval_ov%gexp_3)) call copy(gexp_3, initval_ov%gexp_3)

      ! Do not use the value from [old_iface_]state%init%initval_ov%force_maxwell_reinit = initval_ov%force_maxwell_reinit as
      ! follows:
      !     if (.not. initval_ov%force_maxwell_reinit) then
      ! as was done previously. This is because this causes problems in gs2_init so we use the value from
      ! fields::force_maxwell_reinit directly (see comments in gs2_init for details). To use here the value from
      ! initval_ov%force_maxwell_reinit could result in inconsistent values being used in different parts of the code. Therefore, we
      ! now use the value from fields::force_maxwell_reinit directly here too.  Now that the reference to
      ! initval_ov%force_maxwell_reinit here has also been removed, this component is no longer referenced anywhere in the codebase.
      ! Therefore, the force_maxwell_reinit component has been completely removed from the initial_values_overrides_type derived
      ! type to avoid confusion in the future.
      if (.not. force_maxwell_reinit) then
         if(has_phi) call copy(phinew, initval_ov%phi)
         if(has_apar) call copy(aparnew, initval_ov%apar)
         if(has_bpar) call copy(bparnew, initval_ov%bpar)
      end if
    else ! if(.not.in_memory)then
      !Should really do this with in_memory=.true. as well but
      !not sure that we really need to as we never read in the dumped data.
      if (proc0) call dump_ant_amp

      call gs2_save_for_restart (gnew, user_time, vnmult, istatus, &
           has_phi, has_apar, has_bpar, code_dt, code_dt_prev1, code_dt_prev2, code_dt_max)
    endif

  end subroutine set_initval_overrides_to_current_vals

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine finalize_overrides(state)
    use overrides, only: finish_profiles_overrides
    use overrides, only: finish_miller_geometry_overrides
    use overrides, only: finish_initial_values_overrides
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (state%init%mgeo_ov%is_initialised()) call state%init%mgeo_ov%finish()
    if (state%init%prof_ov%is_initialised()) call state%init%prof_ov%finish()
    if (state%init%initval_ov%is_initialised()) call state%init%initval_ov%finish()
  end subroutine finalize_overrides

  !> FIXME : Add documentation
  subroutine calculate_outputs(state)
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: start_time, diffusivity, ensemble_average
    use gs2_diagnostics, only: pflux_avg, qflux_avg, heat_avg, vflux_avg
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
    use gs2_diagnostics_new, only: gnostics
#endif
    use gs2_time, only: user_time
    use nonlinear_terms, only: nonlin
    use run_parameters, only: trinity_linear_fluxes, trinity_ql_fluxes, use_old_diagnostics
    use species, only: nspec, spec
    use mp, only: mp_abort
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    real :: time_interval
    real :: diff
    real, dimension(nspec) :: qf, pf, ht, vf
    integer :: is

    if (.not. state%included) return

    ! Note
    if (state%nensembles > 1) call ensemble_average (state%nensembles, time_interval)

    ! Use simple gamma / k^2 estimates for transport in the
    ! linear case. This is for testing Trinity
    if (trinity_linear_fluxes .and. .not. trinity_ql_fluxes .and. &
         .not. nonlin) then
       if (use_old_diagnostics) then
          diff = diffusivity()
       else
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
          diff = gnostics%current_results%diffusivity
#endif
       endif

       do is = 1,nspec
          ! Q = n chi grad T = n (gamma / k^2) dT / dr
          ! = dens  n_r (gamma_N v_thr / k_N**2 rho_r a) dT / drho drho/dr
          ! = dens  n_r (gamma_N v_thr rho_r **2 / k_N**2 a) T a / L_T drho/dr
          ! = dens  n_r (gamma_N v_thr rho_r **2 / k_N**2 a) temp T_r tprim drho/dr_N/a
          ! Q / (n_r  v_r T_r rho_r**2/a**2)
          ! = dens (gamma_N / k_N**2) temp tprim grho
          !
          ! grho factored to diffusivity in diagnostics
          qf(is) =  diff * spec(is)%dens * spec(is)%temp * spec(is)%tprim
          pf(is) =  diff * spec(is)%dens**2.0 * spec(is)%fprim
          ht = 0.0
          vf = 0.0
       end do
       time_interval = 1.0 ! Used to be time_interval = user_time-start_time?
    else
       if (use_old_diagnostics) then
          time_interval = user_time-start_time
          qf = qflux_avg
          pf = pflux_avg
          ht = heat_avg
          vf = vflux_avg
       else
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
          time_interval = user_time - gnostics%start_time
          qf = gnostics%current_results%species_heat_flux_avg
          pf = gnostics%current_results%species_particle_flux_avg
          ht = gnostics%current_results%species_heating_avg
          vf = gnostics%current_results%species_momentum_flux_avg
#endif
       endif
    end if

    if (trinity_ql_fluxes) then
#ifdef NEW_DIAG
       qf = gnostics%current_results%species_heat_flux
       pf = gnostics%current_results%species_particle_flux
       ht = gnostics%current_results%species_heating
       vf = gnostics%current_results%species_momentum_flux
       state%outputs%pflux = pf/gnostics%current_results%phi2
       state%outputs%qflux = qf/gnostics%current_results%phi2
       state%outputs%heat = ht/gnostics%current_results%phi2
       state%outputs%vflux = vf(1)/gnostics%current_results%phi2
#else
       call mp_abort('ERROR: trinity_ql_fluxes only works with new diagnostics', .true.)
#endif
    else
       state%outputs%pflux = pf/time_interval
       state%outputs%qflux = qf/time_interval
       state%outputs%heat = ht/time_interval
       state%outputs%vflux = vf(1)/time_interval
    end if
  end subroutine calculate_outputs

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  !! Private subroutines
  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  !> Reset timers data to 0
  subroutine reset_timers(timers)
    type(gs2_timers_type), intent(inout) :: timers
    timers = gs2_timers_type()
  end subroutine reset_timers

  !> Gets statistics of passed real value across all processes.
  !> Intended for use with our timers.
  subroutine get_parallel_statistics(value_in, min_value, max_value,&
       & mean_value, proc0_value, iproc_min, iproc_max, values_out)
    use mp, only: nproc, iproc, sum_allreduce
    implicit none
    real, intent(in) :: value_in
    real, intent(out) :: min_value, max_value, mean_value, proc0_value
    integer, intent(out) :: iproc_min, iproc_max
    real, dimension(:), allocatable, intent(out), optional :: values_out
    real, dimension(:), allocatable :: values

    allocate(values(0:nproc-1))
    values = 0
    values(iproc) = value_in
    call sum_allreduce(values)
    if(present(values_out)) values_out = values

    min_value = minval(values)
    max_value = maxval(values)
    mean_value = sum(values)/nproc
    proc0_value = values(0)

    iproc_min = minloc(values, dim = 1) - 1
    iproc_max = maxloc(values, dim = 1) - 1
  end subroutine get_parallel_statistics

  !> Writes the timing information statistics to optional passed unit
  subroutine write_time_parallel_statistics(timers, report_unit)
    use file_utils, only: open_output_file, close_output_file
    use mp, only: proc0, get_mp_times
    use redistribute, only: get_redist_times
    use fft_work, only: time_fft
    use fields_arrays, only: time_field, time_field_mpi
    use fields_arrays, only: time_field_invert, time_field_invert_mpi
    use fields_arrays, only: time_dump_response, time_read_response
    use gs2_reinit, only: time_reinit
    use le_derivatives, only: time_vspace_derivatives, time_vspace_derivatives_mpi
    use nonlinear_terms, only: time_add_explicit_terms, time_add_explicit_terms_mpi
    use nonlinear_terms, only: time_add_explicit_terms_field
    implicit none
    !> Timing information
    type(gs2_timers_type), intent(in) :: timers
    integer, intent(in), optional :: report_unit
    integer :: unit
    real :: mp_total, mp_over, mp_coll, mp_ptp, mp_sync
    real :: redist_total, redist_mpi, redist_copy
    !> Helper type to hold timer data. There might be some
    !> utility in making this avaiable outside of this routine.
    type timer_data
       real :: time
       character(len=:), allocatable :: name
    end type timer_data
    type(timer_data), dimension(:), allocatable :: timer_dat
    integer :: i

    ! Make sure unit is set on proc0. Open an output file if required
    if (proc0) then
       if (present(report_unit)) then
          unit = report_unit
       else
          call open_output_file(unit, '.timing_stats')
       end if
    end if

    call get_mp_times(mp_total, mp_over, mp_coll, mp_ptp, mp_sync)
    call get_redist_times(redist_total, redist_mpi, redist_copy)

    allocate( timer_dat, source = [ &
         timer_data(timers%init(1), "Initialization"), &
         timer_data(time_field_invert(1), "field matrix invert"), &
         timer_data(time_field_invert_mpi, "field matrix invert mpi"), &
         timer_data(time_dump_response(1), "field matrix dump"), &
         timer_data(time_read_response(1), "field matrix read"), &
         timer_data(timers%advance(1), "Advance steps"), &
#ifdef WITH_EIG
         timer_data(timers%eigval(1), "Eigensolver"), &
#endif
         timer_data(time_field(1), "field solve"), &
         timer_data(time_field_mpi, "field solve mpi"), &
         timer_data(time_vspace_derivatives(1), "collisions"), &
         timer_data(time_vspace_derivatives_mpi, "collisions mpi"), &
         timer_data(time_add_explicit_terms(1), "explicit/nl"), &
         timer_data(time_add_explicit_terms_mpi, "explicit/nl mpi"), &
         timer_data(time_fft(1), "explicit/nl fft"), &
         timer_data(time_add_explicit_terms_field(1), 'explicit/nl fields'), &
         timer_data(timers%diagnostics(1), "diagnostics"), &
         timer_data(time_reinit(1), "Re-initialize"), &
         timer_data(redist_total, "Redistribute"), &
         timer_data(redist_mpi, "redistribute mpi"), &
         timer_data(redist_copy, "redistribute copy"), &
         timer_data(timers%finish(1), "Finishing"), &
         timer_data(mp_total, "MPI"), &
         timer_data(mp_over, "Overheads"), &
         timer_data(mp_coll, "Collectives"), &
         timer_data(mp_ptp, "PTP"), &
         timer_data(mp_sync, "Sync"), &
         timer_data(timers%total(1), "Total") &
         ])

    call write_parallel_statistics_header()
    do i = 1, size(timer_dat)
       call write_parallel_statistics(timer_dat(i)%time, timer_dat(i)%name)
    end do

    ! If we opened it in this routine then close the opened output file
    if (proc0 .and. .not. present(report_unit)) call close_output_file(unit)

  contains
    subroutine write_parallel_statistics_header()
      implicit none
      if (proc0) then
         write(unit, '(a,T25,4(a9," "),T70,a,T77,a)') "Region", &
              "Min (s)", "Max (s)", "Mean (s)", "P0 (s)", &
              "Ip min", "Ip max"
         write(unit, '(83("-"))')
      end if
    end subroutine write_parallel_statistics_header

    subroutine write_parallel_statistics(time_value, name)
      implicit none
      real, intent(in) :: time_value
      character(len=*), intent(in) :: name
      real :: min_value, max_value, mean_value, proc0_value
      integer :: iproc_min, iproc_max

      call get_parallel_statistics(time_value, &
           min_value, max_value, mean_value, proc0_value, &
           iproc_min, iproc_max)

      if (proc0) then
         write(unit, '(a,T25,4(0pf9.3," "),T70,I0,T77,I0)') name, &
           min_value, max_value, mean_value, proc0_value, &
           iproc_min, iproc_max
      end if
    end subroutine write_parallel_statistics
  end subroutine write_time_parallel_statistics

  !> Print timing information to standard output.
  !>
  !> Prints a full breakdown of timing information if `state%print_full_timers`
  !> is true, otherwise just prints the total time.
  subroutine print_times(state, timers)
    use run_parameters, only: save_timer_statistics
    use mp, only: proc0, min_reduce, max_reduce, sum_reduce, job
    use mp, only: get_mp_times
    use redistribute, only: get_redist_times
    use fft_work, only: time_fft
    use fields_arrays, only: time_field, time_field_mpi
    use fields_arrays, only: time_field_invert, time_field_invert_mpi
    use fields_arrays, only: time_dump_response, time_read_response
    use gs2_reinit, only: time_reinit
    use le_derivatives, only: time_vspace_derivatives, time_vspace_derivatives_mpi
    use nonlinear_terms, only: time_add_explicit_terms, time_add_explicit_terms_mpi
    use nonlinear_terms, only: time_add_explicit_terms_field
#ifdef GS2_EXPERIMENTAL_ENABLE_MEMORY_USAGE
    use memory_usage, only: print_memory_usage
#endif
    implicit none
    !> Program state information, needed to print
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(in) :: state
    !> Timing information
    type(gs2_timers_type), intent(in) :: timers
    real :: mp_total, mp_over, mp_coll, mp_ptp, mp_sync
    real :: redist_total, redist_mpi, redist_copy

    if (save_timer_statistics) call write_time_parallel_statistics(timers)

    if (.not. proc0) return

    if (state%print_full_timers) then
      call get_mp_times(mp_total, mp_over, mp_coll, mp_ptp, mp_sync)
      call get_redist_times(redist_total, redist_mpi, redist_copy)

      !Blank line to force separation from other outputs
      write(*, '("")')
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Initialization", timers%init(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field matrix invert", time_field_invert(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field matrix invert mpi", time_field_invert_mpi)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field matrix dump", time_dump_response(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field matrix read", time_read_response(1))
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Advance steps", timers%advance(1))
#ifdef WITH_EIG
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Eigensolver", timers%eigval(1))
#endif
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field solve", time_field(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("field solve mpi", time_field_mpi)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("collisions", time_vspace_derivatives(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("collisions mpi", time_vspace_derivatives_mpi)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("explicit/nl", time_add_explicit_terms(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("explicit/nl mpi", time_add_explicit_terms_mpi)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("explicit/nl fft", time_fft(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("explicit/nl fields", time_add_explicit_terms_field(1))
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("diagnostics", timers%diagnostics(1))
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Re-initialize", time_reinit(1))
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Redistribute", redist_total)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("redistribute mpi", redist_mpi)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("redistribute copy", redist_copy)
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("Finishing", timers%finish(1))
      write(*, '(" ", a)') formatted_time("MPI" ,mp_total)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("Overheads", mp_over)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("Collectives", mp_coll)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("PTP", mp_ptp)
      write(*, '("(", a, ")")') formatted_time("Sync", mp_sync)
      write(*, '(" total from timer is:", 0pf9.2, " min", /)') timers%total(1) / 60.
    else
      if (state%external_job_id >= 0) then
        write(*, '(a, i0, ", ")', advance="no") " External job ID: ", state%external_job_id
      end if
      if (state%list) then
        write(*, '(a, i0, ", ")', advance="no") " Job ID: ", job
      end if

      write(*, '("Total from timer is:", 0pf9.2," min")') state%timers%total(1)/60.
    endif

#ifdef GS2_EXPERIMENTAL_ENABLE_MEMORY_USAGE
    call print_memory_usage
#endif
  contains
    !> Print a single formatted timer line
    character(len=46) function formatted_time(name, timer)
      !> Name of the timer
      character(len=*), intent(in) :: name
      !> Time in seconds
      real, intent(in) :: timer

      write(formatted_time, "(a, T25, 0pf9.3, ' min', T40, 2pf5.1, ' %')") name, timer / 60., timer/timers%total(1)
    end function formatted_time
  end subroutine print_times

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine allocate_outputs(state)
    use species, only: nspec
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (.not. allocated(state%outputs%pflux)) then
      allocate(state%outputs%pflux(nspec))
      allocate(state%outputs%qflux(nspec))
      allocate(state%outputs%heat(nspec))
    end if
  end subroutine allocate_outputs

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine deallocate_outputs(state)
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    if (allocated(state%outputs%pflux)) then
      deallocate(state%outputs%pflux)
      deallocate(state%outputs%qflux)
      deallocate(state%outputs%heat)
    end if
  end subroutine deallocate_outputs

  !> The main entry point into GS2, runs a single GS2 simulation
  !>
  !> A complete, minimal use of this to run a single, complete
  !> simulation is:
  !>
  !>     program gs2
  !>       use mp, only: init_mp, mp_comm, finish_mp
  !>       use gs2_main, only : run_gs2, gs2_program_state_type
  !>       implicit none
  !>       type(gs2_program_state_type) :: state
  !>       call init_mp
  !>       state%mp_comm = mp_comm
  !>       call run_gs2(state)
  !>       call finish_mp
  !>     end program gs2
  !>
  !> This will initialise all the GS2 internals, evolve the equations
  !> (or run the eigensolver), and then finalise the internals
  !> (writing files to disk, deallocating memory, and so on).
  !>
  !> You can also not finalise the simulation, which can be useful if
  !> you want read or modify the fields, for example. In this case,
  !> you *must* call [[finish_gs2]] when you're done:
  !>
  !>     ! Optionally modify the state and input options
  !>     call run_gs2(state, finalize=.false.)
  !>     ! Do some interesting things
  !>     call finish_gs2(state)
  !>
  !> This pattern is also useful if you want to run many GS2
  !> simulations in the same process.
  subroutine run_gs2(state, finalize, quiet)
    use exit_codes, only: EXIT_NSTEP, EXIT_NOT_REQUESTED
    use mp, only: proc0, init_mp
    use standard_header, only: standard_header_type
    use optionals, only : get_option_with_default
    implicit none
    !> State of the GS2 simulation. Used to modify the behaviour of
    !> GS2 and/or to programmatically get information about the
    !> simulation on completion.
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    !> If `.true.` (default), then GS2 is finalised, end-of-simulation
    !> diagnostics are computed, files are closed, arrays are
    !> deallocated, and so on.
    !>
    !> If this is set to `.false.`, (for example, because you want to
    !> read the state of the fields before the arrays are deallocated)
    !> then you MUST pass in `state` and call [[finish_gs2]] with that
    !> state object to ensure GS2 is finalised correctly.
    logical, optional, intent(in) :: finalize
    !> Optional passed through to intialize/finalize gs2 methods to suppress printing
    logical, optional, intent(in) :: quiet
    logical :: local_finalize
    type(standard_header_type) :: local_header

    local_finalize = get_option_with_default(finalize, .true.)

    call initialize_gs2(state, header_out=local_header, quiet = quiet)
    call initialize_equations(state)
    call initialize_diagnostics(state, header=local_header)

    call write_used_inputs_file(header=local_header)

    state%print_times = .false.
    if (state%do_eigsolve) then
      call run_eigensolver(state)
    else
      call evolve_equations(state, state%nstep)
      if (state%exit_reason%is_identical(EXIT_NOT_REQUESTED)) state%exit_reason = EXIT_NSTEP
    end if
    if(proc0) call state%exit_reason%write_exit_file()

    if (state%set_outputs) call calculate_outputs(state)

    if (local_finalize) then
      state%print_times = .true.
      call finish_gs2(state, quiet = quiet)
    end if
  end subroutine run_gs2

  !> Finish and cleanup a complete simulation
  subroutine finish_gs2(state, quiet)
    !> An existing, initialisation simulation state
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(inout) :: state
    logical, intent(in), optional :: quiet
    call finalize_diagnostics(state)
    call finalize_equations(state)
    call finalize_gs2(state, quiet)
  end subroutine finish_gs2

  !> FIXME : Add documentation
  subroutine reset_linear_magnitude
    use dist_fn_arrays, only: g, gnew
    use fields, only: set_init_fields
    use fields_arrays, only: phi, apar, bpar, phinew, aparnew,  bparnew
    use run_parameters, only: has_phi, has_apar, has_bpar
    use init_g, only: ginit
    use array_utils, only: zero_array
    implicit none
    logical :: dummy
    
    if (has_phi) then
       call zero_array(phi); call zero_array(phinew)
    end if

    if (has_apar) then
       call zero_array(apar) ; call zero_array(aparnew)
    end if

    if (has_bpar) then
       call zero_array(bpar) ; call zero_array(bparnew)
    end if
    call zero_array(g) ; call zero_array(gnew)

    call ginit(dummy)
    call set_init_fields
  end subroutine reset_linear_magnitude

  !> FIXME : Add documentation  
  subroutine write_trinity_parameters(state)
    use file_utils, only: open_output_file, close_output_file
    use theta_grid_params, only: write_theta_grid => write_trinity_parameters
    use species, only: write_species => write_trinity_parameters
    use run_parameters, only: write_run_parameters => write_trinity_parameters
    use mp, only: proc0
    implicit none
    type(gs2_program_state_type), intent(in) :: state
    integer :: trinpars_unit
    character(len=1000) :: ext
    if (.not. proc0) return

    if (state%trinity_timestep .gt. 0) then
       write(ext,'(".",I0,".",I0,".trinpars")') state%trinity_timestep, &
            state%trinity_iteration
    else
       ext = '.trinpars'
    end if

    call open_output_file(trinpars_unit, trim(ext))
    call write_theta_grid(trinpars_unit)
    call write_species(trinpars_unit)
    call write_run_parameters(trinpars_unit)
    call close_output_file(trinpars_unit)
  end subroutine write_trinity_parameters

  !> Write an input file containing the current state of all input
  !> parameters
  subroutine write_used_inputs_file(header)
    use mp, only: proc0
    use file_utils, only: open_output_file, close_output_file, run_name
    use standard_header, only: standard_header_type
    use config_collection, only : gs2_config_type
    !> Header for files with build and run information
    type(standard_header_type), intent(in), optional :: header
    ! Actual value for optional `header` input
    type(standard_header_type) :: local_header
    ! File unit to write to
    integer :: used_inputs_unit
    type(gs2_config_type) :: input_config

    ! Only write this file on rank 0
    if (.not. proc0) return

    if (present(header)) then
      local_header = header
    else
      local_header = standard_header_type()
    end if

    call input_config%get_configs()
    call open_output_file(used_inputs_unit, ".used_inputs.in")
    write(unit=used_inputs_unit, fmt='(a)') &
         local_header%to_string( &
         comment_character="! ", &
         file_description="Input parameters as used by " // trim(run_name) &
         )

    call input_config%write_to_unit(used_inputs_unit)
    call close_output_file(used_inputs_unit)
  end subroutine write_used_inputs_file

end module gs2_main